Showing posts with label Evolution. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Evolution. Show all posts

Monday, 21 July 2025

100 years ago--the Scopes trial

On July 21, 1925, high school teacher John T. Scopes was found guilty by Judge John T. Raulston of violating the Butler Act, a statute forbidding the teaching of human evolution in public school in Tennessee. The act had been signed into law by Tennessee Governor Austin Peay on March 21, 1925. Several notable people in the small town of Dayton, Tennessee thought it would be a great publicity stunt for the law to be challenged, with the trial to be held in Dayton. Mr. Scopes, a substitute teacher who wasn't sure if he had actually taught evolution, agreed to serve as the accused in challenging the law. The trial, which became popularly known as the "Scopes Monkey Trial," began in Dayton on July 10, 1925. District Attorney Tom Stewart led the prosecution, assisted by three-time Democratic Party U.S. presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan, who hadn't tried a case in 36 years. The defense, financed by the American Civil Liberties Union, was led by Clarence Darrow, one of America's most famous lawyers and a member of the ACLU.

The trial attracted national and international publicity, covered by journalists such as noted American muckraker H.L. Mencken. The climax occurred on the trial's seventh day when Mr. Darrow, an agnostic, called Mr. Bryan to the stand to quiz him on the Bible. The exchange between the two men went on for two hours, but Judge Raulston eventually ruled the testimony irrelevant and that it should be expunged from the record. Mr. Bryan was planning to put Mr. Darrow on the stand and question him on his beliefs, but Judge Raulston's ruling prevented that, and hastened the end of the trial. Prevented from entering further evidence, Mr. Darrow rested his case without a summation, and requested a verdict from the jury, who took just nine minutes to find the defendant guilty.

Mr. Scopes was fined $100, and filed an appeal. On January 15, 1927, the Tennessee Supreme Court overturned the guilty verdict and fine against Mr. Scopes, ruling that Judge Raulston had usurped the role of the jury. The Butler Act, however, was upheld, and wasn't repealed until 1967. The Scopes trial was regarded as a major event in the battle between fundamentalism and modern science, with "science" winning the public relations battle despite losing the case.

I don't have the time for a lengthy analysis of the Scopes trial, but here are a few resources that the reader may find informative:

Scopes at 100: Cross-examining the “Monkey Trial” by Subby Szterszky of Focus on the Family Canada (this article contains numerous links to other useful articles)

100 Years Later: How The Scopes Trial Resulted In Generations Of Judicially Imposed Public Secularism by Judge Darrell White of Answers in Genesis (July 14, 1925)

Tired of put-downs, Tennessee town corrects the record with play about the Scopes trial it hosted by Kristin M. Hall of Associated Press (July 11, 2025)



They Did This 100 Years Ago, and We’re Still Living with the Consequences--Ken Ham, Answers in Genesis (June 28, 2025)

Tuesday, 31 October 2023

100 years ago--a prediction and alleged evidence for human evolution

And the serpent said unto the woman, Ye shall not surely die.
For God doth know that in the day ye eat thereof, that your eyes shall be opened, and ye shall be as gods, knowing good and evil.
Genesis 3:4-5

The belief that humanity has improved over time and will continue to do so was popular in the 1920s, and persists into the 2020s, despite evidence to the contrary. However, there was some skepticism toward one such theory of human advancement, as reported by Canadian Press and published in The Calgary Daily Herald, September 15, 1923 (bold, capitals in original):

EVOLUTION OF NEW SUPERMAN IS IN STORE FOR HUMANITY

---

More Brains, Quicker in Intuition than the Mortals of Today

---

PREDICTION MADE BY EDINBURGH SCIENTIST

---

European Savants Inclined to Disbelieve Original Theory

---

(By Canadian Press)

LONDON, Sept. 15 - Humanity is threatened with the evolution of a new type of superman, according to the discovery of Captain A.G. Pape, and Edinburgh anthropologist, who read a paper yesterday in Liverpool at the annual meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.

He declared that after five years' study of various types of children of American and Australian descent, he was satisfied that a new race was arising. He included among characteristic marks on which he based his theory a distinct increase in cranial development and a definite dome over the frontal region of the skull; hair fine in texture; skin smoothly grained; eyes especially luminous and intelligent and eyebrows rather prominent.

The type face, Captain Pape added, will be somewhat triangular with a narrow chin.

Not Brains Alone

The new type will not be all brains and no body, but will be quick in intuition. The new race, in Captain Pape's view, would show a disposition for a diet without meat and coarse foods and would not have a large appetite along any line.

The forerunners of the new race showed an inclination to be playful and mischievous. The type needed sympathetic understanding.

The discussion which followed the reading of Captain Pape's paper indicated that the arguments advanced in support of the captain's theory were not convincing. The audience showed incredulity. One member declared that the race outlined by the captain appeared to be tubercular degenerates.
As reported in the Montreal Gazette, September 15, 1923 (bold, capitals in original):

TWO UNKNOWN TYPES OF HUMAN FAMILY FOUND

---

'Rhodesian Man' and 'Nebraska Tooth' Recent Discoveries

---

DOMAIN OF FOSSIL MAN

---

Features Regarded as Purely Human Found in Baby Apes--Not in Adults

---

Special Cable to the New York Times and Montreal Gazette

Liverpool, Sept. 14 - Interest in the chemical and physical sections was a notable feature of the meeting of the British Association today. The theatre of the university has proved too small for the large attendance at the lectures, and there is every indication that this year's meeting will be one of the most successful in the history of the association.

Five more presidential addresses were delivered today, and among others of great interest was that by Professor Elliot Smith, delivered before the whole association in Philharmonic Hall. Taking as his subject the study of man, Professor Smith said that the recent discovery of the remains of "the Rhodesian man" and of "the Nebraska tooth" had added two hitherto unknown types of the human family, and had also extended the domain of fossil man to two more continents. It was now possible to construct the family tree of man and his nearest allies and to draw certain inferences as to the nature of the evolutionary changes that had occurred in the humabn family since it first came into existence.

One of the most peculiar results of such studies was the fact that some of the traits regarded as distinctive of the higher races of men were found in the new-born members of the lower races, and were subsequently lost by them. Certain features usually regarded as distinctive of man were found in new-born gorillas and chimpanzees, but not in adults. The truth was that the apes were more specialized than man. In adaptation to their particular mode of life they have lost many primitive characteristics which he had retained, but at the expense of losing plasticity and adaptability, which the most valuable parts of the human make up. It was only by realizing this feature of human psychology, he said, the history of man could be understood.

After giving a summary of the mode of evolution of the human brain, as based fundamentally on the development of the power of vision, the lecturer argued that comparative anatomy should be linked with psychology, and both with the history of culture. Only on such a basis could the true science of man be built up.
Rhodesian Man (Homo rhodesiensis) was a species name devised by the English palaeontologist Sir Arthur Smith Woodward (who fell for the Piltdown Man hoax) to classify Kabwe 1, a cranium (that's all, folks, just a cranium) discovered in a mine in Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) in 1921. As is so often the case with man's alleged ancestors, much of the science surrounding Rhodesian Man consists of guessing, and Homo rhodesiensis is now widely regarded as synonymous with Heidelberg Man (Homo heidelbergensis).

As for Nebraska Man, whose status as an ancestor of modern man was based on the discovery of a single tooth, his disappearance from the list of man's ancestors was announced in February 1928 when the tooth turned out to be from an extinct peccary. See my post 90 years ago: Nebraska Man suddenly disappears from the list of modern man's alleged ancestors (February 18, 2018).

Monday, 31 October 2022

Antichrist Ambrose University hosts presentation by theistic evolutionist

Now the serpent was more subtil than any beast of the field which the Lord God had made. And he said unto the woman, Yea, hath God said,... Genesis 3:1

For I know this, that after my departing shall grievous wolves enter in among you, not sparing the flock.
Also of your own selves shall men arise, speaking perverse things, to draw away disciples after them.
Acts 20:29-30

O Timothy, keep that which is committed to thy trust, avoiding profane and vain babblings, and oppositions of science falsely so called: I Timothy 6:20

Ambrose University in Calgary, Alberta is the denominational school for both the Christian and Missionary Alliance in Canada and Church of the Nazarene Canada. Anyone who thinks that institutions such as Ambrose University are Christian isn't paying attention; they may be "evangelical," but they aren't Christian. From the university's schedule of events (bold, links in original):

The Bible & Ancient Science: Principles Of Interpretation

Date
Wednesday, October 26, 2022

Time
7:00 P.M. (Mountain Time)

Location
Virtual (Complete the registration form to receive the link)

Presented by Dr. Denis O. Lamoureux Event

DESCRIPTION
Is the Bible a Book of Science? Christians have answered in a wide variety of ways. Theologian and scientist Denis O. Lamoureux proposes that during the inspiration of Scripture, the Holy Spirit came down to the level of the biblical writers and allowed them to use the science-of-the-day. In this way, the ancient science in the Word of God is a vessel that delivers life-changing, inerrant spiritual truths.

Handout for lecture

Response by Dr. Colin Toffelmire and Q&A to follow

SPEAKER BIO
Denis O. Lamoureux is Professor of Science and Religion at St. Joseph’s College in the University of Alberta. He is also a research associate in paleontology. Lamoureux holds three earned doctoral degrees—dentistry, theology, and biology. His most recent book is entitled Beyond the Evolution vs. Creation Debate. It was written to assist high school students in understanding origins and the Genesis 1 account of creation. This lecture is part of current Seminary students' courses, but the public are welcome to join in for this special lecture.

Dr. Lamoureux has provided a link (here) for attendees to pre-read about the subject. This will help give context to some of the discussion.
Dr. Lamoureux's entry at the University of Alberta website (bold, links in original:

Denis O. Lamoureux DDS PhD PhD
Professor of Science & Religion
St. Joseph's College, University of Alberta
Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2J5
Canada
dlamoure@ualberta.ca

Denis O. Lamoureux is Professor of Science and Religion at St. Joseph's College in the University of Alberta. His appointment is the first tenure-track position in Canada dedicated to teaching and research on the relationship between scientific discovery and Christian faith. Lamoureux's academic specialty focuses on the modern origins controversy.

Lamoureux embraces the time-honored belief that there are two major sources of Divine revelation—the Book of God’s Words and the Book of God’s Works. The Bible and the physical world complement each other. Science reveals How the Creator made this spectacular design-reflecting world, while Holy Scripture declares precisely Who created it. Together the Two Divine Books fulfill each other; alone they are incomplete.

In his online web lecture Beyond the "Creation" vs. "Evolution" Debate, Lamoureux argues that the simple either/or approach to origins inhibits everyone from making informed choices. He asserts that if the limits of both conservative Christianity and evolutionary biology are respected, then their relationship can be complementary. This view of origins is known as Evolutionary Creation. Concisely stated, it claims that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit created the universe and life through an ordained, sustained, and design--reflecting evolutionary process.

Indeed, evolutionary creation is a challenging view of origins for many Christians, and Lamoureux shares his struggle to accept this position in a web lecture entitled Coming to Terms with Evolution: A Personal Story. He also writes about his voyage in a book chapter that is online.

Evolutionary creation emphasizes that the Bible is NOT a book of science. Instead, it is a God-inspired revelation that offers inerrant, life-changing, Messages of Faith. Holy Scripture does indeed refer to the natural world, but it features an ancient understanding of nature. In other words, the Bible has an ancient science. In his latest book, The Bible & Ancient Science: Priniciples of Interpretation (2020), Lamoureux presents hundreds of verses revealing that Scripture features the science-of-the-day in the ancient world. Through his 22 interpretive principles he argues that the Holy Spirit descended to the intellectual level of the ancient biblical writers in order to communicate as effectively as possible inerrant spiritual truths. Three of these principles and an explanation of the cover of this book can be found here.

Of course, not everyone agrees with Lamoureux's position on origins, as seen in the comments made by famed atheist Richard Dawkins in this video clip.

Lamoureux holds three earned doctoral degrees—dentistry, theology, and biology. He is a Fellow of the American Scientific Affiliation and cited in the Who's Who of Theology and Science. He is also a member of the Evangelical Theology Society. Lamoureux lectures throughout Canada and the United States in both Christian and public academic institutions. In 2001 and 2006, he received teaching awards from the University of Alberta Students' Union. Lamoureux's award winning introductory course on the relationship between science and religion, CHRTC 350: Science and Religion with Class Notes, Class Handouts, and Class Audio-Slides is available online.

With Phillip E. Johnson, Lamoureux co-authored Darwinism Defeated? The Johnson-Lamoureux Debate on Biological Origins (1999). Lamoureux has also written Evolutionary Creation: A Christian Approach to Evolution (2008) and has condensed this book into into a more accessible version entitled I Love Jesus and I Accept Evolution (2009). Lamoureux has debated John Walton, C. John Collins, and William Barrick in Four Views on the Historical Adam (2013).

The Church’s struggle with Galileo's astronomy offers valuable insights for Christians coming to terms with evolution. Galileo popularized the aphorism: “The intention of the Holy Spirit is to teach us how one goes to heaven and not how heaven goes.” Rewritten for the Church today, evolutionary creationists encourage Christians to understand: The purpose of the Bible is to teach us THAT God is the Creator, and not HOW the Father, Son & Holy Spirit created.
Dr. Lamoureux's views appear to be reasonable, until you realize that he denies the historical existence of Adam, which is a denial of the teaching of both Old and New Testaments. According to Dr. David Craig, in his Amazon customer review of Four Views on the Historical Adam:

I Appreciated the personal testimony of Denis Lamoureux's pursuit of truth in the fields of science and theology. He has definitely wrestled with and struggled with all the issues at hand - as a non-believer, as well as a believer in Christ. Lemorourex concludes that his view of evolution disallows for belief in the historical Adam that is revealed in the Scriptures. He argues at length that the realities of history conflicts with modern science. He believes that ancient science (the view of the biblical writers) conflicts with modern science and therefore what we have in the Bible is God accommodating inerrant spiritual truths.

In summary "Lamoureux rejects scientific concordism, the idea that God chose to reveal through the Scriptures certain scientific facts and that modern science, properly understood, can be aligned with the Bible. To the contrary, he says the authors of Scripture had an ancient perception of the world, apparent in their belief in a three-tiered universe, their view of the 'firmament,' and elsewhere. When it comes to humanity's biological origins, the biblical authors likewise had a primordial understanding. They held to 'de novo creation,' the belief that God created man and everything else directly, immediately, and completely, that is fully mature."

Lamoureux argues that Adam did not exist, but that Jesus Christ is a historical person who died and rose again for our sins. He attempts to show how modern science has changed his views on interpreting the Bible through understanding distinctions between ancient and modern science, language accommodation, and his rejection of concordism.

I found his essay to be interesting, but unconvincing. I especially struggled with his weak theological explanation of the historical "Adam" from the lips of Jesus and the Apostle Paul in the New Testament. I also struggled with his interpretation of Genesis 1-11 as not being historical. Lastly, I found his interpretation and methodology in arriving at his conclusions insufficient - leaving me with more questions than answers. I agree with C. John Collins assessment of his essay when he writes, "Lamoureux has followed a style of reasoning that is oversimplified, specifically in that he generally poses either/or questions with only two options; he does not consider whether there are alternatives."
This blogger regards the Bible as the infallible, inspired word of God, and anything that contradicts the Bible is in error. Dr. Lamoureux, on the other hand, regards the Bible as being in error if it's in contradiction with what the latest "science" says. It should be noted that Dr. Lamoureux, in addressing the issue of the existence of Adam, is no longer operating in the realm of science, but has moved into the realm of history, where the scientific method doesn't apply. I also find it curious that an "evangelical" professor teaches at a Roman Catholic college.

As for the man Ambrose has chosen to respond to Dr. Lamoureux's presentation, Dr. Colin Toffelmire says, "...we want to try to think the best of these people we disagree with...," but check his Twitter feed, and you'll see that he doesn't seem to think well of Christians and conservatives, and seems to find more affinity with secular liberal intellectuals. In this Dr. Toffelmire reminds me of pseudo-intellectual Tim Keller, who has had a disproportionate influence among evangelicals, but who never seems to identify with real Christians, but always takes the view that's likely to gain the approval of secular New York liberals.

This isn't the first time that Ambrose has hosted a theistic evolutionist; see my previous post Antichrist Ambrose University has theistic evolutionist as guest speaker for its Faith, Life and Learning Days (February 6, 2020)

See also my other previous posts on Ambrose University:

Why is an Alliance-Nazarene college named after a Roman Catholic saint? (March 2, 2009)

The Ambrose-contemplative connection (March 4, 2009)

Ambrose University College trains Nazarene pastors using materials from a company with ties to Mormonism (March 6, 2009)

Ambrose University College and "Transformation" (March 6, 2009)

The Outhouse (aka The Shack) in God's house (May 5, 2009)

Ambrose Seminary teaches contemplative spirituality in 2009-2010 (February 24, 2010)

Ambrose University College hires Jesuit-educated contemplative spirituality proponent as its new president (May 30, 2012)

Ambrose University College's "Jazz Day" provides evidence of increasing worldliness in evangelical schools (March 5, 2014)

Antichrist Ambrose University College continues on its downward, leftward, and Romeward course (March 8, 2014)

Antichrist Ambrose University President Gordon T. Smith continues to promote ecumenism and Social Gospel (February 28, 2018)

Sunday, 31 July 2022

Addition by subtraction: The deaths of James Lovelock and Ron Sider

British environmentalist James Lovelock died on July 26, 2022, his 103rd birthday. Dr. Lovelock, a physician by training, was also a climate scientist and futurist. He was best known for proposing the Gaia hypothesis, the idea that Earth itself is a living organism, with life forms interacting with inorganic surroundings to form a synergistic, self-regulating system. The hypothesis, named after the Greek goddess who personified the Earth, has been criticized by secular evolutionists, but has greatly influenced the increase in pagan nature worship that has become so popular in recent decades. I doubt that Dr. Lovelock is enjoying his present climate and environment.

On July 27, 2022, Ron Sider died at the age of 83. Dr. Sider, a native of Stevensville, Ontario, was involved with InterVarsity Christian Fellowship while an undergraduate at the University of Waterloo, and worked in apologetics with IVCF after earning a doctorate in history and master's in divinity from Yale University. He founded Evangelicals for Social Action in 1973, which might more accurately be called "Evangelicals for Socialism."

Dr. Sider was perhaps best known for his books Rich Christians in an Age of Hunger (1977) and Nuclear Holocaust and Christian Hope (1983). Christian writer Lloyd Billingsley described the former as:

A textbook of zero-sum thinking and statist solutions presented in religious vocabulary. A compendium of economic fallacies. (Billingsley, Lloyd. The Absence of Tyranny: Recovering Freedom in Our Time, 1986, p. 196).

Mr. Billingsley said of the latter:

Nuclear Holocaust and Christian Hope, co-authored with Richard Taylor, is a kind of religious version of Jonathan Schell's Fate of the Earth. Like Schell, Sider and Taylor rely heavily on shock tactics--describing blasts, destructions, bombs, blood, vomit, burns, screams. The front, fictionalized section of the book where this occurs is a combination snuff film and nuclear pornographic novel.

Merchandising comes later, the radical Christian version of Jesus watches and frisbees. Sider and Taylor advocate measures like displaying peace bumper stickers (surely a distinctive Christian approach), keeping photos of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on the coffee table instead of Ansel Adams, buying stationery with a peace motif, and subscribing to the right magazines including the "rigorously biblical" Sojourners whose peace ministry co-author Taylor is a consultant.

To his great credit, Sider at least has the courage to carry his pacifism to its logical conclusion. The book may very well be the world's longest suicide note, suicide being the sure outcome of his nonmilitary defense plan, a new Anschluss on a larger scale.

The assumption is that, once conquered, we can all eventuall settle down to a peaceful, neo-Scandinavian existence. Germany was once thoroughly conquered; they did not so settle down. Sider's arguments for complete, not just nuclear, pacifism are buttressed with proof texts, but remain to me unconvincing.

It appears they are unconvincing to the authors as well. After three hundred gruelling pages filed with countless usages of "must," "should," and "ought," Sider and Taylor make this astonishing statement: "The authors of this book do not claim to have all the answers." Given this it is difficult to see their book as anything more than a public act of spiritual and political masturbation.
(Billingsley, Lloyd, The Generation that Knew Not Josef: A Critique of Marxism and the Religious Left, 1985, pp. 187-188).

I never for a minute believed that Dr. Sider was a Christian; I always figured he was a Communist masquerading as a Christian. When U.S. President Ronald Reagan delivered his "Evil Empire" speech to the National Association of Evangelicals on March 8, 1983, it was Ron Sider who immediately formed a group to protest against Mr. Reagan's views. Dr. Sider boasted about his participation in the "Witness for Peace" program in Nicaragua in the early 1980s, in which the participants acted as human shields to impede the efforts of the Contras who were fighting against Nicaragua's Sandanista regime. The actions of the "Witness for Peace" participants had the effect of aiding the Sandanista regime, a regime that committed genocide against the Miskito Indians and was persecuting Christians. For information on the Sandanistas' treatment of Christians, I recommend the book Breaking Faith: The Sandanista Revolution and its Impact on Freedom and Christian Faith in Nicaragua by former Sandanista Humberto Belli, published in 1985.

For more on Ron Sider and Evangelicals for Social Action, see my posts 30 years ago: Ronald Reagan, addressing the NAE, denounces the evil empire--and other evils (March 12, 2013) and 30 years ago: Carl McIntire critiques Evangelicals for Social Action's Chicago Declaration (May 1, 2014).

Thursday, 24 June 2021

New Homo species discovered in Israel

The perceptive reader will notice at least a couple of things: every time a discovery such as that mentioned below takes place, the scientists have to revise all of their theories; and how little fossil evidence there is on which the theories and revisions are based. As reported by Judy Siegel-Itzkovich of Israel365 News, June 24, 2021:

Ramla, a mixed city of 80,000 people (three-quarters of them Jewish) near Ben-Gurion Airport, in the central district of Israel, is not known for making much news. Founded in the early 8th century CE by the Umayyad prince Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik as the capital of Jund Filastin, the district he governed becoming caliph in 715, did have strategic and economic value because of its location at an intersection connecting Cairo with Damascus and the road connecting the Mediterranean port of Jaffa with Jerusalem. And it did suffer severe damage from earthquakes in 1033, 1068, 1070, 1546 and 1927.

But now Ramle is now definitely making the headlines because the bones of an early human (hominid) – until now unknown to science that lived in the Levant at least until 130,000 years ago – were discovered in excavations at the Nesher Ramla site, near the city. According to common practice, the new Homo fossil was named after the site where it was discovered – the Nesher Ramla Homo type. The find is considered one of the most important anthropological discoveries in the past century. Human evolution, the researchers said, is much more complicated than believed until now.

Recognizing similarity to other archaic Homo specimens from 400,000 years ago that were found in Israel and Eurasia, researchers from Tel Aviv University (TAU) and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJI) reached the conclusion that the Nesher Ramla fossils represent a unique Middle Pleistocene population that has now been identified for the first time.

According to the researchers, the morphology (form and structure) of the Nesher Ramla humans shares features with both Neanderthals (especially the teeth and jaws) and archaic Homo (specifically the skull). At the same time, this type of Homo is very unlike modern humans – displaying a completely different skull structure, no chin and very large teeth.

The teams shared their find with a team of dating specialists from France (CNRS, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, National Museum of Natural History in Paris and Université Paris-Saclay) who dated them to 120,000 years ago, when Homo sapiens and Neanderthals were the only known human species roaming about Africa, Europe and the Near East.

The discovery of a new Homo group in this region, which resembles pre-Neanderthal populations in Europe, challenges the prevailing hypothesis that Neanderthals originated from Europe. This suggests that at least some of the Neanderthals’ ancestors actually came from the Levant.

Following the study’s findings, researchers believe that the Nesher Ramla Homo type is the ‘source’ population from which most humans of the Middle Pleistocene developed. In addition, they suggest that this group is the so-called ‘missing’ population that mated with Homo sapiens who arrived in the region around 200,000 years ago – about whom we know from a recent study on fossils found in the Misliya cave.

The new finding indicates that two types of Homo groups lived side by side in the Levant for more than 100,000 years (200,000 to 100,000 years ago), sharing knowledge and tool technologies. These were the Nesher Ramla people who lived in the region from around 400,000 years ago and the Homo sapiens who arrived later, some 200,000 years ago.

The researchers claim that at least some of the later Homo fossils found previously in Israel, like those unearthed in the Skhul and Qafzeh caves, do not belong to archaic (early) Homo sapiens, but rather to groups of mixed Homo sapiens and Nesher Ramla lineage...

...The TAU anthropology team was headed by Prof. Israel Hershkovitz, Dr. Hila May and Dr. Rachel Sarig from the Sackler Faculty of Medicine and the Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research and the Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, situated in TAU’s Steinhardt Museum. An archaeological team at HUJI was led by Dr. Yossi Zaidner from its Institute of Archaeology...

...“This is an extraordinary discovery,” enthused Zaidner. “We had never imagined that alongside Homo sapiens, archaic Homo roamed the area so late in human history. The archaeological finds associated with human fossils show that “Nesher Ramla Homo” possessed advanced stone-tool production technologies and most likely interacted with the local Homo sapiens..."

... According to Dr. May, despite the absence of DNA in these fossils, the findings from Nesher Ramla offer a solution to a great mystery in the evolution of Homo: How did genes of Homo sapiens penetrate the Neanderthal population that presumably lived in Europe long before the arrival of Homo sapiens?

Geneticists who studied the DNA of European Neanderthals have previously suggested the existence of a Neanderthal-like population which they called the ‘missing population’ or the ‘X population’ that had mated with Homo sapiens more than 200,000 years ago, she said. The new Israeli anthropological paper suggests that the Nesher Ramla Homo type might represent this population, heretofore missing from the record of human fossils.

Moreover, the researchers propose that the humans from Nesher Ramla are not the only ones of their kind discovered in the region and that some human fossils found previously in Israel, which have baffled anthropologists for years – like the fossils from the Tabun cave (160,000 years ago), Zuttiyeh cave (250,000), and Qesem cave (400,000) – belong to the same new human group now called the Nesher Ramla Homo type.

“People think in paradigms,” commented Sarig. “That’s why efforts have been made to ascribe these fossils to known human groups like Homo sapiens, Homo erectus, Homo heidelbergensis or the Neanderthals. But now we say: No! This is a group in itself, with distinct features and characteristics. At a later stage small groups of the Nesher Ramla Homo type migrated to Europe – where they evolved into the ‘classic’ Neanderthals that we are familiar with, and also to Asia, where they became archaic populations with Neanderthal-like features. As a crossroads between Africa, Europe and Asia, the Land of Israel served as a melting pot where different human populations mixed with one another, to later spread throughout the Old World. The discovery from the Nesher Ramla site writes a new and fascinating chapter in the story of humankind...”
Click on the links for the abstracts of the original articles A Middle Pleistocene Homo from Nesher Ramla, Israel by Israel Hershkovitz, Hila May, Rachel Sarig et al in Science, Volume 372, Issue 6549, pp. 1424-1428, June 25, 2021 and Middle Pleistocene Homo behavior and culture at 140,000 to 120,000 years ago and interactions with Homo sapiens by Yossi Zaidner, Laura Centi, Marion Prévost et al in the same issue, pp. 1429-1433.

Thursday, 6 February 2020

Antichrist Ambrose University has theistic evolutionist as guest speaker for its Faith, Life and Learning Days

Now the serpent was more subtil than any beast of the field which the Lord God had made. And he said unto the woman, Yea, hath God said,... Genesis 3:1

For I know this, that after my departing shall grievous wolves enter in among you, not sparing the flock.
Also of your own selves shall men arise, speaking perverse things, to draw away disciples after them.
Acts 20:29-30

O Timothy, keep that which is committed to thy trust, avoiding profane and vain babblings, and oppositions of science falsely so called: I Timothy 6:20

Ambrose University in Calgary, Alberta is the denominational school for both the Christian and Missionary Alliance in Canada and Church of the Nazarene Canada; it's been heading downward, leftward, and Romeward for years (see the links to my previous posts on Ambrose at the bottom of this post). A new adventure in apostasy for Ambrose is the 2020 edition of Faith, Life and Learning Days; according to their website (bold, links in original):

FAITH, LIFE AND LEARNING

Join us for our Faith, Life and Learning Days on February 12 & 13 as we welcome guest speaker Dr. Darrel Falk* and discuss the topic of faith and science.

Public Lecture: “Evolution, Creation, and the Breath of God" (Airhart Theatre): Wednesday, February 12, 7:30 p.m.

Chapel (Ambrose Gymnasium): Thursday, February 13, 11:15 a.m.

Open Lecture in Dr. Matthew Morris' class “Principles of Evolutionary Biology." (A2212): Thursday, February 13, 2:30 – 3:45 p.m.

*Darrel Falk is Emeritus Professor of Biology at Point Loma Nazarene University in San Diego where he has been based since 1988. In 2009, he, along with noted geneticist, Francis Collins and others, founded BioLogos, an organization dedicated to showing the compatibility between mainstream science and the Christian faith. Falk, who began his advanced education with one year at Canadian Nazarene College, a predecessor of Ambrose University, earned a doctorate in genetics from the University of Alberta and followed that with postdoctoral fellowships at the University of British Columbia (in the lab of David Suzuki) and the University of California, Irvine. Besides his extensive writing at the BioLogos website, he is the author of Coming to Peace with Science (InterVarsity Press) and, with Dr. Todd Wood, The Fool and the Heretic: How Two Scientists Moved beyond Labels to a Dialog about Creation and Evolution (Zondervan).
Since I'm suspicious of everything that Ambrose does, it came as no surprise to this blogger to see Dr. Falk's connection with BioLogos, which promotes theistic evolution, i.e., the idea that God created, but did so using evolution. By evolution, they mean macroevolution, the changing of one kind of creature into another kind of creature. I think theistic evolution is worse than "secular" evolution, because it tries to have a foot in both camps. The secular evolutionist believes that God isn't necessary at all in order for evolution to take place, while the believer in creation believes that macroevolution is supported by neither the evidence nor the Bible.

The BioLogos blog has a number of posts by Dr. Falk. I glanced at just one--written when he was president of BioLogos--and that was enough to convince me that he is not a sound teacher, and should not be invited to speak at a Christian school. An abridgement (bold, links in original):

BioLogos and the June 2011 “Christianity Today” Cover Story

The cover story of the June issue of Christianity Today, entitled "The Search for the Historical Adam" (the full article can be viewed here), notes that our website The BioLogos Forum has played a prominent role in moving the discussion surrounding the historical Adam forward and cites various blogs and articles that appear on these pages. We are pleased that a matter deemed so important by us is beginning to play a prominent role in the discussion for the Church as a whole.

As detailed extensively on these pages over the past two years, there is now little doubt that God has created all life forms, including human beings, through an evolutionary process. God could have created in an instant. After all, in the supreme divine act of all time Jesus was raised from the dead—in an instant. However, it now seems certain that this is not the way He chose to create the human body. God’s process was gradual, not instantaneous...

...the data with regard to human creation has been accumulating for 150 years, and the conclusions have been substantiated through a wide variety of scientific disciplines. Astronomy shows that the universe is billions of years old. Geology independently shows that the earth, though a little younger, is also billions of years old. Paleontology poignantly lays out the parade of created life forms and graphically documents the species-changes over hundreds of millions of years. Comparative anatomy and developmental biology show feature after feature in living bodies, each with its distinctive trademark pointing to gradual alteration from that which came before. And, with the sequencing of the human genome, genetics provides the final confirmatory lynch pin. Creation through a gradual process is not a hypothesis that emerges from a peripheral scientific sub-discipline. To show it wrong would involve overturning principles that independently lie at the very core of the findings of most of the natural science disciplines. True, they all together cry out in unison with a loud voice—“Created!” However, they also, in a subtle, but persuasive whisper, add the all-important qualifying phrase—“…slowly and not in an instant!”

The Christianity Today cover story is important because it engages the Church in one of the most important questions of all: was there a historical Adam and Eve? There has been much discussion of this point on these pages and although we strongly encourage ongoing discussion, BioLogos does not take a position on the issue. Denis Alexander, Director of the Faraday Institute and a frequent contributor to the BioLogos conversation says ‘yes’ in this BioLogos article, and Tim Keller, pastor of Redeemer Presbyterian Church in New York City affirms it in this one. Denis Lamoureux and Peter Enns believe otherwise and have expressed their views here and here, for example. The scientific data are silent on the possibility of a federal headship—two unique individuals singled out by God from all others to enter into relationship with him and to bear his image. Similarly, science is silent on the veracity of the alternative possibility— that the story of Adam and Eve is not a story of two unique individuals. According to this latter view, the story of Adam and Eve is in a very real sense the story of all humankind—we have all sinned and we are all in need of redemption.

These are theological questions, not scientific ones. Science makes it abundantly clear, we believe, that God has created through an evolutionary process and that there was never a time when there were just two individuals on earth. It goes no further though. Beyond that, we are in a different realm, one deeply steeped in the traditions and creeds of the church, and in theology, biblical scholarship, and philosophy...

...The “Federal Headship” model that accepts the scientific findings while at the same time holding to the historicity of a real first couple has not yet been carefully worked out by theologians...

...The purpose of BioLogos is to show that there can be harmony between mainstream science and evangelical Christianity. We are in complete agreement with Richard Ostling (the author of the aforementioned article) and the Editors of Christianity Today that working through the historicity question is of the utmost importance to the Evangelical Church. Within the framework outlined above, it boils down to theology not science, and we urge the Church to reserve judgment for a while. Let’s keep both possibilities before us. Here’s hoping that some of our greatest theological minds will work on the question of what a model based on “Federal Headship” would look like. Here’s also hoping that some of our finest theologians will continue to work on how the view of a non-historical Adam would address some of the issues that puzzle and concern most evangelicals...

...This is an exciting time for the Church because there is much interesting work to be done. Personally, I reserve judgment and I urge that all of us proceed with caution. Let’s see what emerges. Let’s see what our theologians and philosophers come up with, especially those who hold to a historical Adam and Eve...
One of the reasons I believe that the account of the serpent in Genesis 3 is true is because the lies spoken by the serpent are the very lies that are believed today. In the case of BioLogos, the relevant lie is the first one: "Yea, hath God said...?" Dr. Falk and the BioLogos crowd are trying to sow doubt and uncertainty where God's word isn't uncertain. Dr. Falk seems to be trying to have it both ways regarding creation (using words in a way that must please Gordon T. Smith, Ambrose's Jesuit-trained president), but it's apparent that whenever the Bible and "science" disagree, he comes down on the side of "science."

Dr. Falk denies that God created instantaneously. However, in Genesis 1 we repeatedly see the words, "And God said, Let...and it was so." He spoke, and it was. He formed the first man from the dust of the ground (Genesis 2:7), and the first woman from a rib of Adam (Genesis 2:21-22). There's no indication from the account in Genesis that this took a long time.

BioLogos itself is more than a little disingenuous when it "does not take a position" on a historical Adam and Eve. To "not take a position" on an issue on which God's word definitely does take a position is in fact to take a position--of unbelief. That Adam and Eve were the first two people and were actual historical figures is taught not only in the Old Testament, but in the New Testament, and was believed and taught by the Lord Jesus Christ Himself. To deny that there was a time when there were just two people on Earth is outright unbelief. Dr. Falk, like the organization he's affiliated with, isn't honest enough to come right out and say that he doesn't believe the Bible's account of creation.

The duplicity of the BioLogos crowd and institutions such as Ambrose University that give them a platform offer more evidence of why Christian parents should conduct a careful examination before sending their children to "Christian" colleges and universities. Ambrose should change the name of its event to "Doubt, Apostasy and Disinformation Days."

See my previous posts on Ambrose University:

Why is an Alliance-Nazarene college named after a Roman Catholic saint? (March 2, 2009)

The Ambrose-contemplative connection (March 4, 2009)

Ambrose University College trains Nazarene pastors using materials from a company with ties to Mormonism (March 6, 2009)

Ambrose University College and "Transformation" (March 6, 2009)

The Outhouse (aka The Shack) in God's house (May 5, 2009)

Ambrose Seminary teaches contemplative spirituality in 2009-2010 (February 24, 2010)

Ambrose University College hires Jesuit-educated contemplative spirituality proponent as its new president (May 30, 2012)

Ambrose University College's "Jazz Day" provides evidence of increasing worldliness in evangelical schools (March 5, 2014)

Antichrist Ambrose University College continues on its downward, leftward, and Romeward course (March 8, 2014)

Antichrist Ambrose University President Gordon T. Smith continues to promote ecumenism and Social Gospel (February 28, 2018)

Sunday, 7 October 2018

Fossil of baby snake found in amber in Myanmar

This blogger is unable to understand how some creatures supposedly evolved to a certain state of complexity tens of millions of years ago--but haven't evolved since.

As reported by Bob Weber of The Canadian Press, July 18, 2018 (link in original):
(image)

EDMONTON — It curves elegantly, its delicate bones looking as if they could easily slither out of the amber encasing them into the forest undergrowth that would have been home.

The oldest fossil of a baby snake ever found leaves University of Alberta paleontologist Tiago Rodrigues Simoes in awe.

"It's like magic," he said.

Simoes, with fellow paleontologist Mike Caldwell, describes their 100-million-year baby in an article published in the journal Science Advances on Wednesday.

The snake skeleton, less than five centimetres long, is almost complete except for the skull. Entombed in a chunk of amber about the size of an adult thumb, it includes 97 tiny vertebrae, most with their feathery ribs still attached.

The sample comes from Myanmar, where amber quarries have been around for decades. Caldwell said the snake was discovered in a quarry that was only opened a couple of years ago.

Amber, fossilized tree resin, usually holds ancient bugs and beetles. This quarry, Caldwell said, has a high concentration of vertebrates.

The paleontologists' attention was first drawn to the amber by a colleague in Saskatchewan, who was interested in what seemed to be pieces of snakeskin within it. That turned out to be true, but a little ho-hum.

"It's kind of cool," said Caldwell. "But you can't tell much of a story with a piece of shed snakeskin, even if it's got colour on it, or at least light and dark patterning."

A couple of months later, the colleague called back. He'd had a chance to examine the sample more closely and thought what was first identified as a centipede looked more like a snake.

The team went at it with sophisticated imaging technology from CT scans to synchrotrons. Without removing the fossil from the amber, they laid bare its smallest details.

"The beauty of this thing is that you can actually see it's a brand-new baby snake," Caldwell said. "It's the interior details that make it clear.

"I've learned critical details about snake development."

It turns out that ancient snakes formed much the same way modern ones do.

The fossilized baby snake's spinal cord was still turning into bone in the same way those of its descendants still do. The fossil also showed the beginnings of other features found in adult snakes that were growing exactly as they do in contemporary snakelets.

"We have some of the major elements of development constant," Simoes said. "Maybe it's common to all of them in their early evolutionary history."

Perhaps just as important is what else was found in the amber — many examples of bugs and debris that would be found on a forest floor.

The baby is the first one to prove that snakes lived in forests, too, fleshing out understanding of both ancient reptile and forest ecology.

"It is an ancient form of super glue," Caldwell said. "That's the magic of amber.

"The marvellous thing about amber is that it falls out of a tree and it hits whatever was at the bottom of the tree. It picks up the bugs and the plants and the bug poop. And the baby snakes.

"We're not ever going to get that in the rock record."

Saturday, 6 October 2018

Whether it's life or planetary bodies, scientists are just guessing about origins

In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. Genesis 1:1

Scientists profess to be certain about the alleged facts of evolution, but they're really just guessing about things they weren't around to observe, such as the origin of life itself. As reported by Liam Casey of The Canadian Press, October 4, 2018:

A small group of Ontario researchers believe they may have solved the origins of life mystery.

The results come from early experiments run in a planet simulator at McMaster University's new Origins of Life Laboratory, which started running this summer.

The simulator — the centrepiece of the facility — is testing a theory that suggests life on Earth began in warm little ponds after meteorites splashed into them about four billion years ago. The machine recreates those conditions to see whether cellular life can be created and then evolve.

"This is a very big moment," said Maikel Rheinstadter, a biophysics professor and the lead investigator in the new laboratory. "There's nothing else like this machine in the world."

The warm little ponds theory was first put forth by Charles Darwin, expanded on in the 1990s by Carl Sagan, and further developed by David Deamer, a professor in bioengineering at the University of California, Santa Cruz.

Evidence over the last few years points away from another theory that suggests the building blocks of life came about through vents in the Earth's crust at the bottom of the ocean.

Rheinstadter and two colleagues — Ralph Pudritz, a theoretical astrophysicist and Yingfu Li, a biochemist — are now putting that theory into action.

"We are very interested in understanding how the first very basic cell formed on the early Earth four billion years ago," Rheinstadter said. "Nobody knows, but I think that's what we have: a very solid proposal that this is potentially the mechanism."

The lab's work is in its early stages and the planet simulator's recent results must be replicated, Rheinstadter said, but what researchers have seen so far is promising.

The new planet simulator at the heart of their efforts is about the size of a microwave and can control temperature, humidity, pressure, atmosphere and radiation levels to mimic conditions on Earth at any point in its history. It can also create the conditions of any other planet.

It took years to get the machine built — most companies said they simply couldn't make it — but a company in Kitchener, Ont., was able to take on the project, Rheinstadter said.

When the machine was operational, the researchers used it to mimic a summer season on early Earth — a volcanic environment that was very hot during the day and cool at night, with the odd day of rain and periodic flooding.

Inside the simulator's chamber were elements of the "primordial soup" that existed at the time, which includes inorganic salts, clays, lipid molecules and nucleotides at varying concentrations, Rheinstadter said.

The researchers ran the machine for a few weeks through important wet-dry cycles, which drive biochemical reactions, with entire seasons being replicated in days. After a time, they began to see results.

"The molecules started to form cell-like structures and they started to incorporate genetic material just by themselves," Rheinstadter said. "It's amazing."

The researchers say they have shown that they can create what are known as proto-cells, which aren't considered alive because the scientists still have to demonstrate that the genetic material in the cells can replicate itself and create proteins. But the results are still significant, they said.

The developments in the lab come after research from Pudritz and graduate student Ben K.D. Pearce last year calculated that meteorites bombarded the Earth and delivered the building blocks of life that then bonded together to become ribonucleic acid — the basis for the genetic code. It's that very research that the McMaster team is now testing.

"It's very exciting times," Pudritz said.

It's taken years to get the lab and its simulator up and running.

In 2012, Rheinstadter along with Pudritz and Li applied to the Canada Foundation for Innovation, an independent non-profit, for funding for their research.

The team's proposal to search for the origins of life happened to come at the right time as shortly thereafter NASA began reporting a flurry of discoveries of exoplanets where conditions could exist to support life. Public interest on the subject surged and the team's bid for funds to build their simulator was approved.

The $1-million lab also received funding from the provincial government and McMaster, Rheinstadter said.

"We're really fortunate and we're now about five years ahead of everyone else in the business," he said.

Other leaders in the field are now clambering to get involved with the lab, including luminaries from the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Germany, Harvard University and the University of California, Santa Cruz, Rheinstadter said.

The lab and its simulator have also been lauded by Deamer, the California professor who has worked on the warm ponds theory.

"It's marvellous," Deamer said. "They'll be able to do experiments no one else can. They just need the governments to open up their coffers to help pay for more collaborations because laboratories around the world want in on this."

Deamer called the planet simulator "game changing" and said the cells it has created so far are significant.

"These cells are not alive, but are evolutionary steps toward a living system of molecules," he said. "It opens up a lot of experimental activities that were literally impossible before."
Scientists are also just guessing when it comes to the origin of planetary bodies, as reported by Bob Weber of The Canadian Press, October 4, 2018:

EDMONTON — New research suggests Mars' moons were once part of the planet, blasted into space by some cataclysmic collision long ago.

Until now, the most common theory was that Deimos and Phobos were once asteroids, captured into orbit by Mars' gravitational field.

"They kind of look like asteroids," said Chris Herd, a planetary geologist at the University of Alberta and a co-author of a new paper published in the Journal of Geophysical Research.

"They're really pockmarked with craters and they have those characteristics that make them look like asteroids we've seen farther out."

Still, doubts remained — especially since the red planet's two moons are so black.

"Those objects are really dark," Herd said.

"They absorb most of the light, with the exception of a few per cent of the sunlight that comes in. That means the information you have for figuring what they're made of is limited."

Herd and his colleagues took a new approach.

They analyzed light recorded from one of the moons by the Mars Global Surveyor mission that orbited the planet in 1997. They then compared that analysis with a similar look at a meteorite known to have come from the asteroid belt — the Tagish Lake meteorite from northwestern British Columbia.

They didn't look like each other at all.

"It was not a match," said Herd. "The best match is ground-up basalt, the kind of common rock that Mars is made of."

The most likely conclusion is that Deimos and Phobos are chunks of rock blown off the surface of the planet, perhaps by a collision with some other heavenly body far back in the history of the solar system.

The theory may help to explain another puzzling feature of a planet that has fascinated skywatchers for centuries.

Mars' northern hemisphere has a far lower elevation than its southern half. The difference is large — several kilometres.

"We don't really know why that is," said Herd. "It's a pretty fundamental problem in Mars science."

Scientists have long wondered if the difference is the result of some long-ago impact.

"There'd be lots of debris that came off of that. If that was the case, then you you'd probably end up producing a whole bunch of objects in orbit around Mars and Phobos and Deimos are the ones that are left."

Tuesday, 20 March 2018

Backlog: Fossil of spider attacking wasp is preserved in amber

As reported by Cassie Ryan of The Epoch Times, October 9, 2012 (updated October 1, 2015):

A unique Early Cretaceous fossil found in Myanmar contains a spider poised to attack a wasp around 100 million years ago.

The orb weaver spider, the parasitic wasp, and at least 15 intact strands of spider silk, are all captured inside the Burmese piece of amber.

“This juvenile spider was going to make a meal out of a tiny parasitic wasp, but never quite got to it,” said George Poinar Jr., a professor emeritus at Oregon State University, in a press release.

“This was a male wasp that suddenly found itself trapped in a spider web.”

Interestingly, part of an adult spider is present in the fossil on the same web, which is the oldest known evidence of sociality in spiders.

Nowadays, social behavior in spiders is quite unusual with most species being solitary and even cannibalistic.

The resin engulfed the creatures in the split-second just before the juvenile spider was about to catch the wasp.

“This was the wasp’s worst nightmare, and it never ended,” said Poinar.

“The wasp was watching the spider just as it was about to be attacked, when tree resin flowed over and captured both of them.”

The research was published in Historical Biology.
Click on the link to see the abstract of the original article Predatory behaviour of the social orb-weaver spider, Geratonephila burmanica n. gen., n. sp. (Araneae: Nephilidae) with its wasp prey, Cascoscelio incassus n. gen., n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) in Early Cretaceous Burmese amber by George Poinar and Ron Buckley in Historical Biology, Volume 24, Number 5, October 1, 2012 (pp. 519-525).

The photograph that accompanied the original print article--which, for some reason, doesn't appear in the online version--showed creatures that any modern person would recognize as a spider and a wasp. Just one question, Chief: If these creatures had evolved to such a state 100 million years ago, why haven't they evolved beyond that in the 100 million years since?

Sunday, 18 February 2018

90 years ago: Nebraska Man suddenly disappears from the list of modern man's alleged ancestors

Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools, Romans 1:22
This illustration of H. haroldcookii, by artist Amédée Forestier, was modeled on the Java Man.

Nebraska Man (Hesperopithecus haroldcookii) is this blogger's favourite of the various hominids alleged to be ancestors of modern man. His status as such was based solely on the "million-dollar tooth," which was found in an ancient river bed in Nebraska in 1917 by rancher and geologist Harold Cook and put forward by scientists such as American Museum of Natural History President Dr. Henry Fairfield Osborn as proof that a forerunner of modern man lived in America millions of years ago. However, on February 18, 1928, the tooth was revealed to be the tooth of an extinct peccary.

At the Scopes trial in 1925, Nebraska Man was cited as proof of evolution, and William Jennings Bryan was ridiculed when he protested the scanty evidence. Unfortunately, Mr. Bryan didn't live to see his views vindicated. Nebraska Man is just one of a number of man's alleged ancestors that hasn't stood the test of time, or close examination of the evidence. Other examples include Java Man, Peking Man, and Piltdown Man. "Science" marches on.

For further reading on the subject of modern man's alleged ancestors, see Bones of Contention: A Creationist Assessment of Human Fossils by Marvin L. Lubenow (1992).

Tuesday, 2 January 2018

Evolutionist biologist retracts paper because of improper conclusions, problem with theory remains

Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools, Romans 1:22

As reported by Adam Eliyahu Berkowitz of Breaking Israel News, December 29, 2017 (link in original):

“Hashem said, “Let the earth bring forth every kind of living creature: cattle, creeping things, and wild beasts of every kind.” And it was so.” Genesis 1:24 (The Israel Bible™)

A Harvard biologist published a paper three weeks ago recanting a previous article and admitting that his preconceived beliefs led him to faulty conclusions, leaving him with a gaping hole in his findings that current evolutionary theories simply cannot explain.

In a 2016 paper published in Nature Chemistry, Jack Szostak, a Nobel Prize laureate and Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School, made a discovery he labeled a “synthetic tour de force”. He claimed that he had discovered a way for ribonucleic acid (RNA) to replicate itself. His discovery was a powerful proof for the evolutionary model of the beginning of life.

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is necessary for the production of enzymes so it is an essential element for all forms of life. Evolutionary theory states that RNA was among the first molecules to develop and that RNA had to exist for life to exist. RNA, as it is found in cells today, is a complex and unstable molecule requiring its own enzymes to reproduce. For the first RNA to develop at a pre-biotic stage in world history, it would need to be self-reproducing, existing without these enzymes already in place.

Solving this RNA puzzle, identical to the riddle of the chicken and the egg, is so essential to the evolutionary model that researchers have been working on it for over 50 years.

Szostak claimed to have facilitated RNA self-replication in his lab without these enzymes, proving that RNA could fit into the evolutionary model and did not spontaneously appear. His experiment involved combining elements believed to have existed in the primal earth environment, including heating, water and phosphates, and irradiating the result. These laboratory conditions are intended to resemble those of the life-originating “warm little pond” hypothesized by Charles Darwin, who theorized that the pond “evaporated, got heated, and then it rained and the sun shone.”

“Ribonucleotides are simply an expression of the fundamental principles of organic chemistry,” said organic chemist John Sutherland of the University of Manchester, co-author of the original study. “They’re doing it unwittingly. The instructions for them to do it are inherent in the structure of the precursor materials. And if they can self-assemble so easily, perhaps they shouldn’t be viewed as complicated.”

It appears that the origins of life on earth are a bit more complicated than the researchers believed. Earlier this month, Tivoli Olsen, a colleague, tried to replicate Szostak’s results but could not. Szostak admitted that his results were inconclusive.

“In retrospect, we were totally blinded by our belief [in our findings] … we were not as careful or rigorous as we should have been (and as Tivoli was) in interpreting these experiments,” Szostak told Retraction Watch.

Without being able to produce RNA in the laboratory in the absence of the necessary enzymes, the ‘warm little pond’ theory of the origin of life does not work. The chemical processes produced in the lab did not, in fact, produce the building blocks necessary for life.

Szostak said that he plans to continue working to unravel “the problem of chemically replicating RNA:”

“Although we are disappointed that that approach does not work, we are going back to the drawing board and looking into other ways of overcoming this roadblock,” Szotak said.

Dr. Gerald Schroeder, an Orthodox Jewish physicist, explained the difficulties presented by the RNA puzzle for the evolutionary theory of the origins of life.

“RNA is phenomenally unstable and it would not last long enough for the myriad of possible chance interactions of molecules to produce similar to life and cells,” Dr. Schroeder told Breaking Israel News. “The RNA would be long gone. DNA is the genetic library but RNA is the workhorse that makes life possible.”

“Evolutionary science has not proven anything about the origins of life,” Dr. Schroeder said. “For sustaining life, the earth is the perfect platform. The origin is an entirely different question.”

Wednesday, 27 January 2016

75 years ago: a scientist offers his opinion on the physical characteristics of the "best minds"

On January 27, 1941, it was reported that Dr. Alex Hardlisha of the Smithsonian Institution claimed that larger and broader skulls, lower cheekbones, and dark hair were the physical characteristics that distinguished the nation's "best minds."

I've been unable to find out anything about Dr. Hardlisha, but I suspect that the physical characteristics that distinguished America's "best minds" were characteristics possessed by Dr. Hardlisha himself--a coincidence, no doubt.

Monday, 13 April 2015

After 55 years, Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence has yet to receive any signals

The heaven, even the heavens, are the Lord's: but the earth hath he given to the children of men. Psalms 115:16

The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) was begun on April 8, 1960 in Green Bank, West Virginia by a radio astronomer named Frank Drake, who according to Scott Van Wynsberghe, came from a fundamentalist Christian family. Click on the link to read Mr. Van Wynsberghe's article Will E.T. Ever Phone?, from the Canadian newspaper National Post, April 8, 2015.

Friday, 10 April 2015

60 years ago: The death of Pierre Teilhard de Chardin

Now the serpent was more subtil than any beast of the field which the Lord God had made. And he said unto the woman, Yea, hath God said, Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden?
And the woman said unto the serpent, We may eat of the fruit of the trees of the garden:
But of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden, God hath said, Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it, lest ye die.
And the serpent said unto the woman, Ye shall not surely die:
For God doth know that in the day ye eat thereof, then your eyes shall be opened, and ye shall be as gods, knowing good and evil.
Genesis 3:1-5

On April 10, 1955, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, a Roman Catholic Jesuit priest and philosopher, died at the age of 73. Father Teilhard trained as a paleontologist and geologist and believed in evolution, rejecting the biblical account of creation; he now knows better.

Fr. Teilhard was involved in the discovery of Peking Man in the 1920s and '30s, and has been accused of involvement in the Piltdown Man hoax of 1912. He conceived what he called the Omega Point, a point where man would merge into godhood; such views have earned Fr. Teilhard the nickname "Father of the New Age."

Thursday, 5 March 2015

Here they go again: Yet another "oldest known human" discovered

Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools, Romans 1:22

As I said in a previous post, I can't think of any area of so-called "science" that's more characterized by fraud, cover-up, and wild extrapolation based on insufficient evidence than that of man's alleged ancestors (e.g., Nebraska Man; Java Man; Peking Man; Piltdown Man).

Submitted for your approval is the latest discovery, as reported by Malcolm Ritter of Associated Press, March 4, 2015:

NEW YORK — A fragment of jawbone found in Ethiopia is the oldest known fossil from an evolutionary tree branch that eventually led to modern humans, scientist reported Wednesday.

The fossil comes from very close to the time that our branch split away from more ape-like ancestors best known for the fossil skeleton Lucy. So it gives a rare glimpse of what very early members of our branch looked like.

At about 2.8 million years old, the partial jawbone pushes back the fossil record by at least 400,000 years for our branch, which scientists call Homo.

It was found two years ago at a site not far from where Lucy was unearthed. Africa is a hotbed for human ancestor fossils, and scientists from Arizona State University have worked for years at the site in northeast Ethiopia, trying to find fossils from the dimly understood period when the Homo genus, or group, arose.

Our species, called Homo sapiens, is the only surviving member of this group.

The jaw fragment, which includes five teeth, was discovered in pieces one morning by Chalachew Seyoum, an Ethiopian graduate student at Arizona State. He said he spotted a tooth poking out of the ground while looking for fossils.

The discovery is described in a paper released Wednesday by the journal Science.

Arizona State’s William Kimbel, an author of the paper, said it’s not clear whether the fossil came from a known early species of Homo or whether it reveals a new one. Field work is continuing to look for more fossils at the site, said another author, Brian Villmoare of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

Analysis indicates the jaw fossil came from one of the earliest populations of Homo, and its age helps narrow the range of possibilities for when the first Homo species appeared, Kimbel said. The fossil dates to as little as 200,000 years after the last known fossil from Lucy’s species.

The fossil is from the left lower jaw of an adult. It combines ancestral features, like a primitive chin shape, with some traits found in later Homo fossils, like teeth that are slimmer than the bulbous molars of Lucy’s ilk.

Despite that mix, experts not involved in the paper said the researchers make a convincing case that the fossil belongs in the Homo category.

And they present good evidence that it came from a creature that was either at the origin of Homo or “within shouting distance,” said Bernard Wood of George Washington University.

The find also bolsters the argument that Homo arose from Lucy’s species rather than a related one, said Susan Anton of New York University.

The new paper’s analysis is first-rate, but the fossil could reveal only a limited amount of information about the creature, said Eric Delson of Lehman College in New York.

“There’s no head, there’s no tools, and no limb bones. So we don’t know if it was walking any differently from Australopithecus afarensis,” which was Lucy’s species, he said.

It’s the first time that anything other than isolated teeth have turned up as a possible trace of Homo from before 2.3 million years ago, he said.

“This fills a gap, but it hasn’t yet given us a complete skeleton. It’s not Lucy,” Delson said. “This is always the problem. We always want more.”

Also on Wednesday, another research team reported in a paper released by the journal Nature that the lower part of the face of Homo habilis, the earliest known member of the Homo branch, was surprisingly primitive. That came from reconstruction of a broken jaw that was found 50 years ago.

The finding means the evolutionary step from the Ethiopian jaw to the jaw of Homo habilis is “not so large,” said an author of the Nature study, Fred Spoor of University College London and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany.
Click on the links for the full text of the Science article Deep roots for the genus Homo, and a preview of the Nature article Reconstructed Homo habilis type OH 7 suggests deep-rooted species diversity in early Homo.

Whenever I hear about yet another discovery of a fossil of man's alleged ancestors, I make a point of going beyond the headline, and reading the article to see just how meager the evidence is. The fossil evidence seldom consists of more than part of a jawbone, a few teeth, and maybe a few other bone fragments. I wasn't disappointed when I read the article by Mr. Ritter--the latest findings are just more of the same. When the discoveries turn out to be nothing special, don't expect much coverage of that.

Incomplete human skull found in Israel offers clues to ancient human migration

Evolutionists believe that human life began in Africa, but how about the possibility that life began in the Middle East and branched out from there? In any event, the upper part of an ancient human skull has been found in Israel. As reported by Malcolm Ritterof Associated Press, January 28, 2015:

NEW YORK – Long ago, humans left their evolutionary cradle in Africa and passed through the Middle East on their way to Europe. Now scientists have found the first fossil remains that appear to document that journey, a partial skull from an Israeli cave.

The skull dates from around 55,000 years ago, fitting into the period when scientists had thought the migrants inhabited the area. And details of its anatomy resemble ancient skulls from Europe, Israel Hershkovitz of Tel Aviv University in Israel wrote in an email.

He and others present the finding in a paper released Wednesday by the journal Nature. The skull, which lacks facial features and its base, was found in Manot Cave in the Galilee region of northern Israel.

The migrants are called modern humans because of their anatomy. The earliest remains of modern humans in Europe date to about 45,000 years ago.

Experts not connected with the work were impressed. “This is the first evidence we have of the humans who made this journey,” apart from some ancient tools, said Eric Delson of Lehman College and the American Museum of Natural History in New York.

Although finding a fossil that fits so well with what was believed about the ancient migration might be expected, “we didn’t have it before,” he said.

“We could predict theoretically what we would find. They’ve found it. … Up until now, that was a ghost.”

Katerina Harvati of the University of Tuebingin in Germany said the skull gives clues about the anatomy of the migrants. Since Neanderthals were already known to inhabit the area, the skull also documents that they and modern humans co-existed there, as suspected, Harvati said.

That supports the idea that Neanderthals and modern humans interbred there, experts said. Chris Stringer of the Natural History Museum in London wrote in an email that the skull is the first fossil of a modern human from western Asia that is well-dated to the estimated time of the interbreeding, some 50,000 to 60,000 years ago.
Click on the link to see a preview of the Nature article Levantine cranium from Manot Cave (Israel) foreshadows the first European modern humans.

Friday, 1 August 2014

50 years ago: United Church of Canada unveils Sunday School curriculum denying the truth of the Bible

And Jesus answered and said unto them, Take heed that no man deceive you. Matthew 24:4

For I know this, that after my departing shall grievous wolves enter in among you, not sparing the flock.
Also of your own selves shall men arise, speaking perverse things, to draw away disciples after them.
Acts 20:29-30

Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools, Romans 1:22

And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather reprove them. Ephesians 5:11

Beware lest any man spoil you through philosophy and vain deceit, after the tradition of men, after the rudiments of the world, and not after Christ. Colossians 2:8

Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that in the latter times some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits, and doctrines of devils;
Speaking lies in hypocrisy; having their conscience seared with a hot iron;
I Timothy 4:1-2

For the time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine; but after their own lusts shall they heap to themselves teachers, having itching ears;
And they shall turn away their ears from the truth, and shall be turned unto fables.
II Timothy 4:3-4

But there were false prophets also among the people, even as there shall be false teachers among you, who privily shall bring in damnable heresies, even denying the Lord that bought them, and bring upon themselves swift destruction. II Peter 2:1

Little children, it is the last time: and as ye have heard that antichrist shall come, even now are there many antichrists; whereby we know that it is the last time.
They went out from us, but they were not of us; for if they had been of us, they would no doubt have continued with us: but they went out, that they might be made manifest that they were not all of us.
I John 2:18-19

Beloved, when I gave all diligence to write unto you of the common salvation, it was needful for me to write unto you, and exhort you that ye should earnestly contend for the faith which was once delivered unto the saints.
For there are certain men crept in unawares, who were before of old ordained to this condemnation, ungodly men, turning the grace of our God into lasciviousness, and denying the only Lord God, and our Lord Jesus Christ.
Jude 3-4

In July 1964, the United Church of Canada unveiled a Sunday School curriculum that flagrantly denied factual, biblical truth. The event merited major newspaper coverage:

Toronto Daily Star, July 4, 1964, pp. 1-2

*SPECIAL*REPORT*

The Star's specialist in religion takes a look at an outspokenly liberal and bluntly critical view of the Bible adopted for the United Church Sunday schools

Virgin Birth, Goliath--are they just myths?

BY ALLEN SPRAGGETT
Star staff writer


Is the Bible full of myths?

Is the contest of David and Goliath a tall story?

Is the doctrine of the Virgin Birth of Christ the result of a biblical mistranslation?

Are the Christmas star and the angelic chorus which announced Jesus' birth merely legends?

The answer to all these questions is Yes--according to a new, official Sunday school curriculum adopted by the United Church of Canada after six years' preparation at a cost of $1,000,000.

Dr. Peter Gordon White, United Church editor-in-chief of Sunday school publications, calls the new curriculum (which will start in general use in September) "a major breakthrough."

It is the first time a Sunday school course of study has been so outspokenly liberal in its theology and has taken such a frankly critical view of the Bible.

Explaining this, Dr. White said: "Our church's general council, and the theologians we consulted, agreed with us that whether or not it raised a ruction we couldn't doubletalk in this curriculum. We decided to be absolutely honest and open."

Already, there have been warnings of the "ruction" Dr. White feared.

At the recent conference of the Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec (which published the new Sunday school material jointly with the United Church) the curriculum was denounced as "modernist," "insidious," even "atheistic!"

Who killed Goliath?

Mrs. W.H. Harmon, Baptist delegate from Smiths Falls (who said she spoke not just for herself but for her church), specifically protested:

. That the primary teacher's guide of the new course says that the first 11 chapters of the Bible are myth, not history.

. That the junior guide questions the Virgin Birth of Christ.

. That the intermediate guide denies that David killed Goliath and suggests that the Mosaic plague in Egypt was a "children's disease," not a supernatural curse of God.

Burn it, she says

"We implore you to have nothing to do with this literature," Mrs. Harmon besought the Baptists. "Throw it away! Burn it!"

However, by a close vote of 164-147, the Baptist convention decided not to repudiate its joint publication agreement with the United Church.

This vote does not signify that the new curriculum will be generally used in Baptist churches. Chances are it will not. Each congreation decides for itself. Already, three Toronto Baptist churches--Danforth, Temple and Bethel--have rejected the material.

"This curriculum is a big departure from traditional Baptist beliefs," said Rev. George Campbell of Danforth Baptist Church. "In places, it contradicts the Bible outright. Its influence can only be bad."

"I take my stand against this material, said Rev. Harold D. Telfer, Temple Baptist Church. "Young people should not be exposed to this curriculum.

"It would be bad for the spiritual growth of a child."

'Hot potato'

Rev. Roy Cook of Bethel Baptist Church, president of the Ontario and Quebec Baptist Convention, said that though his congregation had banned it he would express no personal opinion on the curriculum "because it's such a hot potato."

Some Baptists defend the new material.

Rev. Frederick Helps, editor of Baptist Sunday school publications, said that critics of the curriculum are "those who stand by the old style doctrine of the inerrancy of the Bible. If this material is accepted in our Baptist churches it will be a very great step forward. It will strengthen the faith of young people.

"Unfortunately, there are still church people who think that 'evolution' is a wicked word!"

'Ignoring facts'

The doctrine of evolution--that the world evolved into its present state, rather than being created as is--is explicitly taught in the new curriculum.

A text for young people 12 to 14, "God Speaks Through People," says bluntly that if a student put down a high school science exam what Genesis teaches about creation he would flunk.

The author of "The Mighty Acts of God," a text for 15 to 17-year-olds, concurs: Genesis certainly does not agree with the scientific facts we believe today...anyone who attempts to harmonize the two is simply ignoring plain facts."

The Red Sea

The junior teacher's guide, for use of those instructing Sunday school children 9 to 11, suggests that even the Gospel accounts are often contradictory, and says flatly: "The wandering star (of Bethlehem) and the angelic chorus are probably legendary...and no one should be compelled to accept the idea of the Virgin Birth."

In "The Mystery of the Rock," a reading book for 9 to 12-year-olds, the crossing of the Red Sea by the children of Israel becomes a desupernaturalized passage across "the Reed Sea." The chariots of the pursuing Egyptians get mired in the muck and sink in the treacherous swamps.

Later, in the same book, the command of the Old Testament prophet Samuel that the Israelites should utterly slay their enemies because God willed it is "a frightful command, a terrible display of human hatred."

In other places, the new Sunday school material calls the story of Noah and the Ark a legend, says that the Old Testament book of Isaiah was written by not one but two men, implies that St. John did not actually write the fourth Gospel attributed to him, and, referring to the stories of Jesus' resurrection, allows that "some Christians take the stories literally...but others feel unable to do that."

Shocking? Heresy?

Not at all--to most United Church ministers (and some Baptists too).

Editor-in-chief White says that this liberal approach to the Bible, though revolutionary in a Sunday school curriculum, has been taught in most Protestant seminaries for 40 years.

"This view," he said, "is simply that a biblical account is not necessarily descriptive fact, but it does have the truth of God in it."

Ordered by 90 p.c.

In this approach, the book of Genesis, for example, does not state scientific fact but it does express profound religious truth, namely, that "in the beginning God created the heavens and the earth..."

Dr. White sees a virtually unanimous acceptance of the new curriculum in the United Church. A unique pre-testing program in which 48 congregations across Canada carefully examined the material revealed general enthusiasm.

Already, two months before it is to be used, the material has been ordered by nearly 90 per cent of United Church congregations.

"People are saying, 'Thankd God we have something positive now to teach, something which is honest and open and not doubletalk," Dr. White said.
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 50

New child text at odds with Bible

By ALLEN SPRAGGETT

Star staff writer


DON'T BE SURPRISED if Johnny comes home from Sunday school some day soon and tells you that the whale didn't swallow Jonah, that Moses didn't cross the Red Sea, and that what the Bible says about the creation of the world is way off base.

Chances are, he'll simply be repeating what his Sunday school teacher told him.

The United Church of Canada--the nation's largest Protestant denomination, with more than 1,000,000 members--has decided to update the Bible for its hundreds of thousands of Sunday school students.

The result is the new, startling, stimulating, and controversial Sunday school curriculum which goes into effect in September across the country.

Most ambitious in Canada

Dr. Peter Gordon White, United Church editor-in-chief of Sunday school publications, is rhapsodic about the new study program. He regards it as the most ambitious, the most comprehensive, and up-to-date curriculum of its kind yet launched in Canada.

More than 10 years of intensive planning went into formulation of the curriculum. To date, $500,000 has been invested, and that figure is expected to reach $1,000,000 in three years.

"This program has been the work of many minds," Dr. White said, "including pastors, theologians, writers and artists. It has involved the mind of the whole United Church. In fact, few if any projects since church union in 1925 have been so widely based in the life of the church as this one is."

Study geared to all age levels

The new curriculum aims to provide a balanced, understandable, rounded, outspokenly modern and liberal presentation of the Christian faith geared to different age levels from kindergarten to adulthood.

How did the new program develop?

It began, says an official statement, "in the need for a restating of the Christian message. The world is in convulsion, familiar patterns of living are breaking up, racial groups are jostling one another, people are anxious, lonely. And people are asking, 'What is our faith?'...'How does our faith speak to this world?'

"Many lay people, as well as ministers, dissatsified with the inadequacy of existing materials, demanded a curriculum which would give the church a working knowledge of the faith for today's world..."

Dare to do things not tried

"...A working knowledge of the faith for today's world"--this is the keynote of the new curriculum.

"In this program we decided to push out, to speculate, to dare to do things not done before," says editor White. "We wanted very clearly to break out and break through the old patterns of thinking and teaching...And the response from the church has been overwhelmingly favorable."

But not unanimously so. Those of conservative theology--"literalists," Dr. White calls them, and there are some in the United Church--are scandalized by the way in which the curriculum openly questions the Bible, not just in matters of history but, at times, in questions of Old Testament ethics.

Adults willing to teach it

Some cautious souls--not necessarily conservative theologically themselves--counselled against "rocking the boat" and "disturbing people's faith."

To this, Dr. White replies: "There has been more relief, excitement and willingness on the part of adults to teach this new material than anything else. Already, more than 500,000 pieces of literature have been ordered--and this is two months before use."

Dr. White said [the] purpose of the new program is to answer the real questions people are asking, to make the Christian faith relevant in the jet age, to separate the essence of the faith from some of the accretions which have grown around it, and, above all else, to be open, frank and utterly honest.

How has the new curriculum succeeded?

Here are extensive quotes from the study material which reflect the tenor and theological orientation of the program.

11 chapters of 'myths'

. On myth in the Bible (from the primary teacher's guide, p. 9): "The first 11 chapters of the Bible are not history in the usual meaning of the term. Rather, the stories told there belong to the category of stories known as myths.

"This does not mean that they belong to the category of fairy tales or have no historical value. For they are of the utmost value in yielding us insight into the minds of Israel's religious leaders...In theological thinking, myth means profound spiritual truth conveyed in picturesque form."

. On the Virgin Birth (junior teacher's guide, p. 18): "Is it necessary to believe in the virgin conception of Mary? This may rest on a mistaken translation of Isaiah 7:14, where the 'young woman' of the original Hebrew became a 'virgin' in the Greek rendering...

Poetic language required

"Because of the difficulties, many nowadays would say that no one should be compelled to accept the ideas of the Virgin Birth. Neverhteless I want to add this. The coming of the Messiah is one of the most wonderful things that ever happened! We must not despise the lovely Gospel stories about the Son of God. So wonderful is this coming that we must have poetry and picture language to tell forth its meaning...

. On the resurrection of Christ (ibid., p. 40):

"Easter shows us that Jesus is alive, as conqueror...It is true that we do not understand the mystery of the resurrection. Some Christians take the stories literally, and may rightly do so. Others feel unable to do that: They prefer to think of Jesus as one who was transfigured with what Paul called a 'spiritual body'."

Would be marked incorrect

. On the Bible and science (God Speaks Through People, text for 12 to 14-year-olds, p. 24):

"We know that if we gave these answers (the facts in the book of Genesis) in a science examination at school, they would be marked wrong...If the creation stories had been written in scientific language they would now be out of date, for science, like every other field of knowledge, grows and changes...

"Some religious people feel that scientific discoveries may upset their faith. When Galileo said the earth was round and not flat, some folk felt he had destroyed the truth of the Bible....But we should never fear new discoveries..."

. On moral development in the Bible (The Mighty Acts of God, text for 15 to 17-year-olds, p. 64):

"No moral issues were involved for Israel in this act of attempted conquest (of Palestine), as far as the rightness or wrongness of taking a land by force is concerned. In the ancient world the power of conquest was reckoned to be the right of conquest....

'Might is right' principle invalid

"This of course, is not to say that the principle 'might is right' is backed by the scripture or is still valid. In the light of the Christian Gospel no one today can hold such an opinion. We have advanced beyond this principle....Now this is not to say that God changes His mind...but He fits His words to what men are ready to receive."

. On Moses crossing the Red Sea (The Mystery of the Rock, text for 9 to 12-year-olds, p. 60):

"Moses led his people towards the marshes and wet sand of the Sea of Reeds...The Hebrews had reached the reedland when they realized that the Egyptian troops were in pursuit. They seemed to be trapped. In terror they fled. The soggy marshes were nearly always covered with water. But the steady wind had made them passable for people on foot.

Water rises Egyptians doomed

"As they reached the eastern shore, the Egyptians arrived at the western bank. The high-spirited horses plunged forward with their rumbling chariots, crushing the reeds and digging their hooves into the slimy marsh....Soon the wheels were clogged with mud and sand....By early dawn the water had risen again and the doomed Egyptian charioteers, struggling with their panic-stricken horses, brought on themselves terrible confusion and destruction..."
The Vancouver newspaper The Province reported on the issue several days later. From The Province, July 9, 1964, pp. 1-2:

Bible stories myths, says new teaching

By Richard Simeon

Province Staff Reporter


A new Sunday School curriculum just unveiled by the United Church will be a shocker to those who accept the Bible as the Word of God.

It denies the literal interpretation placed on the Bible in the past, but church officials say it is just bringing Sunday School teaching up to date with what ministers have been saying from the pulpit for 25 years.

The new course, for adults down to three-year-olds, is the result of more than 10 years work by theologians, educators, ministers and laymen.

Among the ideas included in the various texts and teacher's guides are:

. The first 11 chapters of the Bible are myths.

. The idea of the Virgin birth may rest on a mistaken translation of Isaiah 7:14 where the Hebrew word "young woman" became translated as the Greek "virgin."

. The Red Sea did not part to let the Hebrews escape from Egypt.

. If the creation stories had been written in scientific language, they would now be out of date, for science, like every other field of knowledge grows and changes.

The curriculum has already been accepted by more than 80 per cent of United Church congregations in B.C.

"This course puts Christianity squarely in the context of the twentieth century," says Rev. Jack Ferry. "We are looking at the Bible for what it is, not for what some people would want it to be.

"We are taking full cognizance of modern scientific knowledge."

Rev. Clyde Woolard, chairman of the B.C. Conference Committee for Christian Education, says: "Now Sunday School material will catch up with what the pulpit has been saying for the last 25 years. It puts the Bible on a new meaningful basis."

"A literal interpretation of the Bible just cannot be held today."

The curriculum teaches that most of the Old Testament, including the story of Creation, are myths. "We try to point out that what the Bible says about creation is good poetry--it was never meant to be science," says Rev. Woolard.

He said it is not necessary to believe in the Virgin Birth to believe in Christ's divinity.

"We have not rejected the Bible--we have plunged waist deep into it, and have a new appreciation for its role and message," he said.

Rev. Ferry said: "Because much of the Bible is myth does not mean it is not true. Mythological material often conveys the truth more effectively than facts."

The curriculum consists of a series of text books and teaching aids for children of kindergarten age up to adulthood.

The teachers' guides consist of extensive background material in teaching methods and theology so the teacher can handle questions from students.

For each age group, there is a text-book geared for their own level. Each group also has a monthly or weekly magazine to supplement course work.

The course is planned for three-year cycles, with all groups studying the same general theme. In the first year it is "God and his Purpose," followed by "Jesus Christ and the Christian Life," and "The Church in the World."

"The whole family will be able to discuss the same thing," says Rev. Woolard.

The curriculum has been tested in 50 churches across Canada during the past two years.

One of the test churches was Shaughnessy Heights United Church. "The course is more demanding and has to be taken more seriously by both the student and the teacher," said Rev. T.M. Badger, minister of the church.

"It's the best program we have ever had. As the children get older, they will not unlearn all the things they have learned in high school.

"We may have fewer teachers and pupils becasuse of the heavier program, but at least they will be properly educated."

Teachers and pupils found the course challenging. "Our Easter sessions came as quite a surprise to our junior teachers, accustomed as they were to skirting the crucifixion and talking of spring time and new life. In the new curriculum the facts are taught, even at the kindergarten level.," said one teacher.

"If we don't have good theology we're going to lose these kids and we're going to lose them, perhaps, forever," said another. "You can't put anything over on them."

Teachers and supervisors are being trained at the United Church's summer camp at Naramata, and thousands more are receiving training at local churches.

About 68,000 students will receive the new program in September.

Rev. Badger said there was no opposition to the course content at his church.
There was opposition from other churches, as reported in The Province, July 10, 1964, pp. 1-2:

Score changes

Churches hit teaching


The new United Church Sunday school curriculum has provoked criticism from fundamental church leaders.

"If you chop up the Bible like this there's not going to be anything left but the covers," said Rev. D.G. Macdonald, pastor of the Church of the Nazarene.

"We take the Bible as the literal word of God. You cannot take some parts and leave others.

"We are very disturbed."

The new curriculum, the result of 10 years work, rejects many of the literal interpretations placed on the Bible in the past, and brings Sunday School teaching up to date with modern United Church doctrine.

Anglican Bishop Rt. Rev. Godfrey Gower said he has not seen the new program. "I cannot comment on the program, but the church does have a great capacity for moving forward with the times."

An Anglican priest said the program will come as a shock to many Anglicans. "We always thought the United Church was more fundamentalist than we were," he said.

"One has to be realistic today, but when you start to deny doctrines, you have to be very careful." He said the doctrine of the Virgin Birth is part of the Anglican Church's Thirty-Nine Articles of Faith.

Roman Catholic Father James Roberts, secretary of the Vancouver Council for Christian Unity, said his church agrees with most of the material in the program.

"No mainstream Christian religion accepts the Bible as the literal interpretation of the Word of God. Some of it is folk-lore, some legend, some triabal history," he said.

He said Catholics demand that only a few passages be interpreted literally, but he said he cannot agree that Christ did not have a virgin birth.

"But I think we can go along with the rest of the material."

Several ministers said they will preach against the new curriculum this Sunday.

Rev. W.H. Brooks of the Alliance Tabernacle recorded a two-minute message attacking the curriculum for persons phoning in to his Dial-a-Thought phone message.

"This so-called new teaching should surprise no one for this particular group has long since departed from those truths which brought it into being," he said.

He said the church is a traitor to its faith.

"I would withdraw my support from any church which denies these sacred truths."

"The majority of Christians will be offended by this material. The United Church has not preached the gospel for many, many years," said Rev. Brooks.

"Several people from the United Church called me today," said Rev. J.M. Watts of the Broadway Pentecostal Tabernacle. "They were deeply shocked. They wanted to know if we teach the same views.

"My topic on Sunday morning will be: The Bible: Myths or Miracles?"

"The United Church is just trying to get rid of the supernatural."

Rev. D.W. Reed of Dunbar Heights Baptist Church, said most Baptists would object to any changes in interpreting the Bible.

"The Bible is the word of God. All the accounts in it are factual and should be accepted literally," he said.

"With these differences, it is impossible to think of union or even co-operation with them for a long, long time."

Eastern Baptists have co-operated with the United Church on the new curriculum and used it in their own churches, but the Baptist Union of Western Canada cancelled agreements with the United Church last year.

"There is no lack of co-operation with the United Church in the west, but western Baptists are much more fundamental than those in the East," said a spokesman.
A few observations and comments:

In 1964 the United Church of Canada was important enough to merit front-page coverage in the country's largest-circulating daily newspaper, published in Canada's second-largest city at the time, as well as front-page coverage in the country's third-largest city.

When the United Church and liberal Baptists made their apostasy official, they didn't think they were committing suicide; rather, they thought this was the most progressive move they'd ever made, as they were now "squarely in the context of the twentieth century." However, the 20th and 21st centuries have left the United Church and other liberal churches behind. As the old saying goes, it's better to have a church that's 500 years behind the times and doesn't care than to have a church that's 5 minutes behind the times and is constantly scrambling to catch up. The United Church of Canada, which thought it was being so hip and with it when it officially abandoned belief in the Bible as the word of God in 1964, has become increasingly irrelevant in the 50 years since.

The decline weren't long in coming. The UCC's membership total peaked in 1965 at approximately 1,064,000 (see Wikipedia entry on the United Church of Canada, and go here and see the graph on the UCC's membership and attendance decline). By 1966, total membership was starting to decline, and Sunday school attendance had dropped by 100,000 (J. Berkley Reynolds, The United Church Observer, May 1, 1967, cited by Carl McIntire, Outside the Gate, 1967, p. 181). According to Statistics Canada estimates, the population of Canada has increased from about 19 million in 1964 to about 35 million in 2014--a gain of 84%. However, United Church of Canada membership during the same period has declined by more than 52%. According to the UCC's own figures, as of December 31, 2012, total membership in local congregations was 463,879. Identifiable givers to the "largest and richest Protestant denomination in Canada" numbered about half that: 239,877. Average weekly church attendance for the UCC was about one-third the number of members: 158,510. The low total for the latter may possibly be explained by the possibility that many of the UCC's members are now so old that they live in seniors' residences and may be unable to get to church. Sunday School membership in the UCC at the end of 2012 was 55,552. The United Church of Canada is an organization that is increasingly closing and selling its buildings because there aren't enough people there to keep them going. The anonymous Sunday School teacher quoted in the Province got at least this much right: "If we don't have good theology we're going to lose these kids and we're going to lose them, perhaps, forever." The United Church of Canada didn't have good theology in 1964, it doesn't have good theology in 2014, and it has lost those kids, forever.

The program was the "work of many minds," but those minds were unregenerate. When Dr. Peter Gordon White described the curriculum as "honest and open and not doubletalk," he was in fact engaging in doubletalk. It's true that the United Church was honest and open in laying out its apostasy for all to see, but the church was guilty of doubletalk in still claiming to be a Christian church. As the great scholar J. Gresham Machen argued in his book Christianity and Liberalism (1923), Christianity and liberalism are in fact different religions.

When the church says that many now say that no one should be compelled to accept the idea of the virgin birth of Christ, and that some "Christians" take the stories of the resurrection of Christ literally while others don't, the church is engaging in doubletalk by recognizing views on both sides of such doctrines as being Christian. This is, in fact, impossible. Either Jesus was born of a virgin or He wasn't; and the United Church uses the tired old liberal argument that the Hebrew word for "virgin" in Isaiah 7:14 means "young woman." When they used the term "young woman," they meant a virgin; a young woman who wasn't a virgin was referred to as a "harlot." Besides, Isaiah 7:14 is a prophecy of Israel's Messiah, where God is promising to show them a sign. What's supernatural or miraculous about a young woman who's not a virgin giving birth? To deny the virgin birth of Christ is to say that He had an ordinary human entrance into the world, and is really an attack on His deity. I find it interesting that liberals like to play down the significance of the virgin birth as an essential Christian doctrine, while always making sure it's one of the first Christian doctrines they attack. As for the resurrection of Christ, to reduce it to a spiritual resurrection is similar to the doctrine of Jehovah's Witnesses, who say that Jesus dematerialized and then rematerialized his body. The apostle Paul addressed the issue directly in I Corinthians 15:17: And if Christ be not raised, your faith is vain; ye are yet in your sins. To deny the literal physical resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead is also a direct denial of His own prophecy in John 2:19, 21: ...Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up...But he spake of the temple of his body.

I don't know what became of Rev. Roy Cook or Bethel Baptist Church, but when he refused to act on the biblical exhortation in Jude 3 to earnestly contend for the faith when the word of God was under attack, the congregation should have begun looking for a new pastor or a new church. It's also worth noting that just because a church or denomination has the word "Baptist" in its name--whether in 1964 or 2014--is no guarantee of doctrinal soundness.

The perceptive reader will notice that whenever there's an apparent conflict between the Bible and "science," the default position of the United Church is that it's the Bible that's in error. The issue with Galileo wasn't whether Earth was round or flat, but whether Nicolaus Copernicus was right in saying that Earth is not the centre of the universe and revolves around the sun and not vice versa. Galileo wasn't challenging the teaching of the Bible--which doesn't say that Earth is flat or is the centre of the universe--but was challenging Roman Catholic Church dogma, which was of pagan origin.

The United Church of Canada's account of the crossing of the Red Sea is as egregious an example of editing God out of the scriptures as you'll ever find; Thomas Jefferson couldn't have concocted a better hatchet job. Contrary to the UCC's account, Exodus 14 says that when Moses stretched his hand over the sea, God caused the sea to go back by a strong east wind that blew all night and divided the waters so that they were a wall to the Israelites on both sides, and the Israelites passed over, not on soggy marshes, but on dry land. The Egyptians didn't bring confusion upon themselves as their chariots and horses became stuck in the slimy marsh, but God troubled them and caused the chariot wheels to come off, and when Moses stretched his hand over the sea, God brought the waters to cover the Egyptians, their chariots, and horses, i.e., they were drowned. The United Church of Canada removed God from the event to the extent that He inspired no awe, which is why imbeciles such as liberal Baptist Rev. Frederick Helps were so wrong when they said that the new curriculum would strengthen the faith of young people. How does it strengthen anyone's faith in God when naturalistic explanations are invoked for every major event when He intervened in human affairs?

Since many people think of the Roman Catholic Church as holding to unchanging tradition for hundreds of years, readers who have the mistaken view that the Roman Catholic Church is actually Christian will probably be surprised to find that the Roman Catholic priest interviewed said that his church agreed with most of the material in the United Church curriculum. The reader will notice the attempt by Father James Roberts to marginalize those who disagree with him by saying that "no mainstream Christian religion accepts the Bible as the literal interpretation as the word of God"--which is a denial of the words of Jesus Christ Himself. I find it amusing that the part of the United Church curriculum that Fr. Roberts wasn't willing to go along with was the denial of the virgin birth of Christ. He was perfectly willing to go along with all the other heresies in the United Church curriculum, but to question the virgin birth is of Jesus Christ was to question that Mary was a virgin at the time of His birth--and that would require throwing out all the Roman Catholic teachings about the virginity of Mary. That was one heretical step too far for Fr. Roberts.

The aspect of the introduction of the United Church Sunday School curriculum that strikes me as most worth noting is the time lag--about 25 years from the time that heresy began emanating from United Church pulpits until it became official church doctrine. The UCC ordained its first female minister in the mid-1930s, just before or around the time that the denial of the Bible as literal and factual truth began being preached. This is worth keeping in mind when we see what's happening in what passes for evangelicalism today. I can think of evangelical churches and ministries whose doctrinal statements--devised years and perhaps decades ago--are sound, but are no longer being followed in actual practice. For example, the Bible lays out qualifications for positions of leadership in the church (I Timothy 3; Titus 1). A church that begins to depart from these standards by putting men in the pulpit who are divorced and remarried will then begin allowing women in the pulpit and ordaining them. When this is taking place, it isn't an indication that the church will be headed in a liberal direction, but is an indication of how far in the liberal direction the church has already gone. From there it will be only a matter of time until the church begins ordaining non-practicing homosexuals, and then ordaining practicing homosexuals.

Father James Roberts said of the Bible, "Some of it is folk-lore, some legend, some tribal history." Just one question, Chief: If Fr. Roberts was correct, how do you then account for the remarkable accuracy of the prophecies contained in the Bible, especially the dozens of Messianic prophecies that could have been fulfilled only during the time that Jesus Christ was on Earth, had to have all been fulfilled by one person, and were in fact fulfilled by Jesus Christ when He walked the Earth?