125 years ago--Pennsylvania Presbyterians criticize Sunday session of Congress

On Monday, March 4, 1901, William McKinley was inaugurated into his second term as President of the United States, with a new Vice President, Theodore Roosevelt, also taking office. To end his first term as President, Mr. McKinley signed a number of bills passed by Congress, including bills for Naval Appropriation and establishment of a National Bureau of Standards; the St. Louis Fair Bill; a bill amending the act authorizing the receipt of United States gold coin in exchange for gold bars; and a bill amending the act making further provision for the civil government of Alaska.

To get the bills passed for Mr. McKinley's signature, the United States Congress was in session on Sunday, March 3, to the displeasure of many, including Presbyterian Church leaders in Pennsylvania. Observance of the Lord's Day was taken more seriously in 1901 than it is today. As reported in the Washington Post, March 4, 1901 (bold, capitals in original):

PRESBYTERIANS THUNDER AT CONGRESS.

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Making Laws on Sunday an "Evil Example to Law-Breakers."

Danville, Pa., March 4.--At a meeting of ministers and elders of Northumberland Presbytery, held here to-day, the following resolution was adopted by a unanimous vote:

"The Presbytery of Northumberland has learned with distress and alarm of the session of the National Congress for the transaction of ordinary business held on the Sabbath day, March 3. This needless disregard of the Lord's day is at once a violation of the civil law, an affront to the Christian conscience of the country, an evil example to lawbreakers in general, a wicked departure from the reverent custom of the fathers of the republic, and an offense to Almighty God, the gracious giver of the day of rest. It is against the general welfare, deserves general reprobation, and we earnestly hope may not prove a precedent for future meetings of our national legislature."

Norristown, Pa., March 4.--The East Pennsylvania Evangelical Conference, in session here to-day, adopted a resolution deprecating the action of the National House of Representatives in holding sessions on Sunday. The preamble states that the Christian feelings of the people have been shocked. The resolution was:

"Resolved, we, the East Pennsylvania Conference, desire hereby to express our emphatic disapproval of this open desecration of the Lord's day, thereby violating the laws of God and our country."

An interesting feature of to-day's session was in the patriotic service held at the noon hour in honor of the inauguration of President McKinley. Bishop Dubbs prayed earnestly for the President, the Vice President, their advisers, Congress, the army and navy, and all in authority, closing with an appeal to God to stop the "bloody war in the Philippines."