Days on Venus are getting longer

When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained;
What is man, that thou art mindful of him? and the son of man, that thou visitest him? Psalms 8:3-4

The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament showeth his handiwork. Psalms 19:1

Days on Venus are getting longer, and it's not because daylight saving time is being imposed on the planet. As reported by Agence France-Presse, February 29, 2012:

PARIS — Contrary to its alluring name, Venus is the planet from hell, with an atmosphere so hot, toxic and heavy that any visitor would risk being simultaneously melted, suffocated and crushed.

But not just that: the second planet from the Sun turns on its axis so slowly that, for any survivor, a Venusian day would seem interminable, for it is the equivalent of 243 days on Earth.

To make things worse, a day on Venus is getting even longer, French astronomers have discovered.

A team from the Paris Observatory analysed data from a spectrometer aboard a European orbiter, the Venus Express.

Called VIRTIS, the gadget measures infrared and visible light and is used to scan the planet’s surface beneath the thick, roiling atmosphere.

The astronomers were stunned when they checked landmarks against the last mapping of Venus, carried out between 1990 and 1994 by the U.S. probe Magellan.

At a given point in the Venusian day, landmarks were a full 20 kilometers behind where they should have been.

The team, publishing in the journal Icarus, say they have been over the observations again and again.

“After eliminating possible sources of error, we believe that the duration of the Venusian day must have changed over the 16 years,” they said in a press release.

Their calculation is that an extra six-and-a-half terrestial minutes have been added to the Venusian day during this time.

“On the astronomical scale, this is a major change,” said investigator Pierre Drossart.

The astronomers’ hypothesis is that friction by Venus’ atmosphere is braking the movement of the terrain below.

That sounds bizarre until one realises that the atmosphere is 100 kilometres thick, with extremely dense clouds of 96% carbon dioxide, driven by superwinds reaching some 350 kilometres per hour.

Atmospheric pressure at the surface is 92 times that of Earth — the equivalent of being more than 900 metres below the ocean.

“A braking effect from the atmosphere also occurs erratically on Earth, but the discrepancy is only a matter of a few tenths of a second and it is imperceptible,” Mr. Drossart told AFP.

So will Venus eventually stop spinning — or even go into reverse rotation?

“It’s difficult to say, given that we only have two points of measurement,” said Drossart.

“But theoretical models suggest that this is probably just a cyclical phenomenon. If the atmosphere speeds up, the planet slows. Then the energy goes into reverse, in a pendulum effect.”

The original article, Rotation period of Venus estimated from Venus Express VIRTIS images and Magellan altimetry, appeared in Icarus 217:2, February 2012, pp. 474-483. The February edition is a special issue devoted to Venus science.